CLIMATE RISKS AND FOOD SECURITY ANALYSIS: A SPECIAL REPORT FOR PAKISTAN

Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the impacts of climate change. The risks it faces are compounded by high rates of food and nutrition insecurity. As the climate continues to change, weather patterns grow more erratic and intense climate-related disasters more frequent, rates of food insecurity will rise even higher. …

FERTILIZER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES THAT ADDRESS THE 4RS

Yield Level Use historical records and yield monitors to set realistic yield goals, which are at least 5 to 25 percent above average. Review the current management of agronomic factors used in growing each crop. Optimum yield levels are the result of using a package of all proven BMPs for agronomic factors such as variety …

4R Implementation for Sustainable Cropping Systems

Production demands, input requirements and environmental impacts taken together mean the risks for making the wrong nutrient use decisions is greater now than ever. When fertilizer BMPs result in increased production and input use efficiency, they also reduce losses to the environment. When making practice selection, the interconnectivity between practices addressing source, rate, time and …

FERTILIZER USE AND THE 4RS

Fertilizers are a essential component of sustainable crop production. When properly managed, fertilizers help address the challenge of increasing production in an economically viable way while retaining the ecological integrity of cropping systems. However, if nutrients are not adequately available within a crop production system, fertility is mined from the soil, and the crop will never …

FACTS, CAUSES & EFFECTS OF FORESTATION AND DEFORESTATION

Definition Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. About 31% of Earth’s land surface is covered by forests. Location Deforestation occurs around the world, …

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT GROWTH AND AGRICULTURRAL SYSTEMS

The increasing percentage of carbon dioxide along with drought and increasing temperature is impacting the growth and development of plants, and particularly agricultue system. The Greenhouse effect and Climatic extremes Introduction Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have increased from pre-industrial levels of about 270 μmol mol−1 to current concentrations of 360 μmol mol−1. …

FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan at the time of its birth had hardly enough arable land and surface water resources to achieve food security. In the 1960s the Dams and other associated water infrastructure were constructed, and a massive land-clearing and reclamation effort were undertaken. The area under cultivation saw an increase as did the yields through large-scale utilization …

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